Switch thirsty crops, water by drip
Where most water goes to fields, moving from paddy and sugarcane to millets, pulses or maize, and from flood to drip or sprinkler irrigation, saves more than any recharge can add.
Groundwater level in Mayiladuthurai
117%Over-exploited
This area pumps out more water than rain puts back. That is the 2025 stage of groundwater extraction: water pumped out in a year as a share of what rain and other sources safely put back. Down 21 points since 2023.
477 million m³pumped out each year (2025)
409 million m³can be taken out safely each year
68.0 million m³yearly shortfall drawn from stored water
97%goes to irrigation; the rest to homes and industry
Extraction since 2023
Each point is one CGWB assessment. Over-exploited means more water leaves the ground than comes back, so the water table keeps falling. Hover over or tap a point to see why it moved.
Safe · up to 70%Semi-critical · 70–90%Critical · 90–100%Over-exploited · above 100%
Show the numbers
| Year | Stage | Pumped out | Safe limit | Category | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 137.6% | 428 million m³ | 311 million m³ | Over-exploited | First assessment in this series. |
| 2024 | 123.5% | 439 million m³ | 355 million m³ | Over-exploited | Pumping up 3% (428 → 439 million m³). Safe limit up 14% (311 → 355 million m³). Main reason: more water soaked back into the ground, from better rain, canals or recharge structures. |
| 2025 | 116.6% | 477 million m³ | 409 million m³ | Over-exploited | Pumping up 9% (439 → 477 million m³). Safe limit up 15% (355 → 409 million m³). Main reason: more water soaked back into the ground, from better rain, canals or recharge structures. |
Million m³: 1 million m³ = 100 crore litres. 2009 and 2013 used the older GEC-97 method.
Loading 20 years of rainfall…
What will fix it here
Most of the water here goes to farming, so using less on fields matters as much as recharge.
Recharge pits and shafts in open land
Parks, campuses, warehouse yards and road sides can take recharge shafts that reach past the clay layer, so runoff that floods streets goes down to the aquifer instead.
Revive village ponds and johads
Desilting old ponds and opening their feeder channels restores natural recharge. A one-hectare pond that soaks in a metre of water over the monsoon puts back about a crore litres.
Rooftop rainwater recharge
Pipe roof water through a silt trap and filter into a recharge pit or an old borewell. Every 100 m² of roof puts back tens of thousands of litres a year, right where the pumping happens.
Check dams and contour trenches
On sloping or rocky land, small dams on seasonal streams and trenches along contours slow water down long enough for it to sink in.
Treat and reuse wastewater
Treated water from a sewage treatment plant can run flushing, gardens, cooling towers and construction, which today often draw on borewells.
Frequently asked questions
What is the groundwater level in Mayiladuthurai?
In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Mayiladuthurai (Tamil Nadu) pumped out 117% of the groundwater that can be safely taken out each year, which puts it in the "over-exploited" category. That is 21 points lower than in 2023.
Is groundwater in Mayiladuthurai over-exploited?
Yes. Mayiladuthurai takes out more groundwater than rain and other sources put back, so the water table keeps falling.
How can groundwater be recharged in Mayiladuthurai?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting into recharge pits or old borewells, recharge shafts in open land, reviving ponds, check dams, treating and reusing wastewater, and moving farms to drip irrigation and less thirsty crops.
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