Switch thirsty crops, water by drip
Where most water goes to fields, moving from paddy and sugarcane to millets, pulses or maize, and from flood to drip or sprinkler irrigation, saves more than any recharge can add.
Groundwater level in Pathanamthitta
31%Safe
Groundwater use is within safe limits here. That is the 2025 stage of groundwater extraction: water pumped out in a year as a share of what rain and other sources safely put back. Down 6 points since 2017.
72.9 million m³pumped out each year (2025)
234 million m³can be taken out safely each year
Noneno yearly shortfall
52%goes to irrigation; the rest to homes and industry
Extraction since 2009
Each point is one CGWB assessment. Over-exploited means more water leaves the ground than comes back, so the water table keeps falling. Hover over or tap a point to see why it moved.
Safe · up to 70%Semi-critical · 70–90%Critical · 90–100%Over-exploited · above 100%
Show the numbers
| Year | Stage | Pumped out | Safe limit | Category | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 33.0% | 94.2 million m³ | 284 million m³ | Safe | First assessment in this series. |
| 2013 | 34.0% | 92.9 million m³ | 273 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 1% (94 → 93 million m³). Safe limit down 4% (284 → 273 million m³). |
| 2017 | 36.9% | 94.5 million m³ | 256 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 2% (93 → 95 million m³). Safe limit down 6% (273 → 256 million m³). CGWB changed its method in 2017 (GEC-97 to GEC-2015), so part of this change comes from the new method. |
| 2020 | 35.4% | 85.5 million m³ | 241 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 10% (95 → 86 million m³). Safe limit down 6% (256 → 241 million m³). |
| 2022 | 34.0% | 81.4 million m³ | 239 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 5% (86 → 81 million m³). Safe limit down 1% (241 → 239 million m³). |
| 2023 | 37.6% | 78.5 million m³ | 209 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 4% (81 → 79 million m³). Safe limit down 13% (239 → 209 million m³). Main reason: less water soaked back in, from weaker rain, less canal seepage or more paved ground. |
| 2024 | 32.2% | 76.5 million m³ | 238 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 3% (79 → 77 million m³). Safe limit up 14% (209 → 238 million m³). Main reason: more water soaked back into the ground, from better rain, canals or recharge structures. |
| 2025 | 31.2% | 72.9 million m³ | 234 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 5% (77 → 73 million m³). Safe limit down 2% (238 → 234 million m³). |
Million m³: 1 million m³ = 100 crore litres. 2009 and 2013 used the older GEC-97 method.
Loading 20 years of rainfall…
Ponds and lakes in Pathanamthitta
180 of 1,457 water bodies (12%) are not in use: dried up, silted, built over or polluted. Bringing them back is one of the cheapest ways to recharge groundwater.
Loading the map of water bodies in Pathanamthitta…
- Ponds1,380
- Tanks14
- Reservoirs16
- Check dams and percolation tanks17
- Others30
Source: 1st Census of Water Bodies, Ministry of Jal Shakti (counted in 2018-19, published 2023).
What will fix it here
Groundwater here is in balance. Keeping it that way means recharging as the area builds up and paves over.
Revive village ponds and johads
Desilting old ponds and opening their feeder channels restores natural recharge. A one-hectare pond that soaks in a metre of water over the monsoon puts back about a crore litres.
Rooftop rainwater recharge
Pipe roof water through a silt trap and filter into a recharge pit or an old borewell. Every 100 m² of roof puts back tens of thousands of litres a year, right where the pumping happens.
Recharge pits and shafts in open land
Parks, campuses, warehouse yards and road sides can take recharge shafts that reach past the clay layer, so runoff that floods streets goes down to the aquifer instead.
Check dams and contour trenches
On sloping or rocky land, small dams on seasonal streams and trenches along contours slow water down long enough for it to sink in.
Treat and reuse wastewater
Treated water from a sewage treatment plant can run flushing, gardens, cooling towers and construction, which today often draw on borewells.
Frequently asked questions
What is the groundwater level in Pathanamthitta?
In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Pathanamthitta (Kerala) pumped out 31% of the groundwater that can be safely taken out each year, which puts it in the "safe" category. That is 6 points lower than in 2017.
Is groundwater in Pathanamthitta over-exploited?
No. At 31% of the safe yield, Pathanamthitta is safe, though recharge is still needed as demand grows.
How can groundwater be recharged in Pathanamthitta?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting into recharge pits or old borewells, recharge shafts in open land, reviving ponds, check dams, treating and reusing wastewater, and moving farms to drip irrigation and less thirsty crops.
How many ponds and lakes are there in Pathanamthitta?
The first Census of Water Bodies counted 1,457 water bodies in Pathanamthitta, including 1,380 ponds. 180 of them were not in use.