Switch thirsty crops, water by drip
Where most water goes to fields, moving from paddy and sugarcane to millets, pulses or maize, and from flood to drip or sprinkler irrigation, saves more than any recharge can add.
Groundwater level in Muzaffarpur
65%Safe
Groundwater use is within safe limits here. That is the 2025 stage of groundwater extraction: water pumped out in a year as a share of what rain and other sources safely put back. Down 2 points since 2017.
725 million m³pumped out each year (2025)
1.1 billion m³can be taken out safely each year
Noneno yearly shortfall
75%goes to irrigation; the rest to homes and industry
Extraction since 2009
Each point is one CGWB assessment. Over-exploited means more water leaves the ground than comes back, so the water table keeps falling. Hover over or tap a point to see why it moved.
Safe · up to 70%Semi-critical · 70–90%Critical · 90–100%Over-exploited · above 100%
Show the numbers
| Year | Stage | Pumped out | Safe limit | Category | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 54.0% | 573 million m³ | 1.1 billion m³ | Safe | First assessment in this series. |
| 2013 | 59.6% | 626 million m³ | 1.0 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping up 9% (573 → 626 million m³). Safe limit down 2% (1.1 → 1.0 billion m³). Main reason: more water was pumped out, mostly for homes and industry (71 → 112 million m³). |
| 2017 | 67.5% | 744 million m³ | 1.1 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping up 19% (626 → 744 million m³). Safe limit up 5% (1.0 → 1.1 billion m³). Main reason: more water was pumped out, mostly for irrigation (514 → 622 million m³). CGWB changed its method in 2017 (GEC-97 to GEC-2015), so part of this change comes from the new method. |
| 2020 | 65.2% | 640 million m³ | 982 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 14% (744 → 640 million m³). Safe limit down 11% (1.1 → 1.0 billion m³). |
| 2022 | 71.3% | 697 million m³ | 977 million m³ | Semi-critical | Pumping up 9% (640 → 697 million m³). Safe limit down 0% (982 → 977 million m³). Main reason: more water was pumped out, mostly for irrigation (505 → 534 million m³). |
| 2023 | 67.4% | 720 million m³ | 1.1 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping up 3% (697 → 720 million m³). Safe limit up 9% (1.0 → 1.1 billion m³). Main reason: more water soaked back into the ground, from better rain, canals or recharge structures. |
| 2024 | 66.3% | 743 million m³ | 1.1 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping up 3% (720 → 743 million m³). Safe limit up 5% (1.1 → 1.1 billion m³). |
| 2025 | 65.2% | 725 million m³ | 1.1 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping down 2% (743 → 725 million m³). Safe limit down 1% (1.1 → 1.1 billion m³). |
Million m³: 1 million m³ = 100 crore litres. 2009 and 2013 used the older GEC-97 method.
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Ponds and lakes in Muzaffarpur
714 of 785 water bodies (91%) are not in use: dried up, silted, built over or polluted. Bringing them back is one of the cheapest ways to recharge groundwater.
Loading the map of water bodies in Muzaffarpur…
- Ponds775
- Tanks6
- Lakes2
- Reservoirs1
- Check dams and percolation tanks1
Source: 1st Census of Water Bodies, Ministry of Jal Shakti (counted in 2018-19, published 2023).
What will fix it here
Groundwater here is in balance. Keeping it that way means recharging as the area builds up and paves over.
Revive village ponds and johads
Desilting old ponds and opening their feeder channels restores natural recharge. A one-hectare pond that soaks in a metre of water over the monsoon puts back about a crore litres.
Rooftop rainwater recharge
Pipe roof water through a silt trap and filter into a recharge pit or an old borewell. Every 100 m² of roof puts back tens of thousands of litres a year, right where the pumping happens.
Recharge pits and shafts in open land
Parks, campuses, warehouse yards and road sides can take recharge shafts that reach past the clay layer, so runoff that floods streets goes down to the aquifer instead.
Check dams and contour trenches
On sloping or rocky land, small dams on seasonal streams and trenches along contours slow water down long enough for it to sink in.
Treat and reuse wastewater
Treated water from a sewage treatment plant can run flushing, gardens, cooling towers and construction, which today often draw on borewells.
Frequently asked questions
What is the groundwater level in Muzaffarpur?
In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) pumped out 65% of the groundwater that can be safely taken out each year, which puts it in the "safe" category. That is 2 points lower than in 2017.
Is groundwater in Muzaffarpur over-exploited?
No. At 65% of the safe yield, Muzaffarpur is safe, though recharge is still needed as demand grows.
How can groundwater be recharged in Muzaffarpur?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting into recharge pits or old borewells, recharge shafts in open land, reviving ponds, check dams, treating and reusing wastewater, and moving farms to drip irrigation and less thirsty crops.
How many ponds and lakes are there in Muzaffarpur?
The first Census of Water Bodies counted 785 water bodies in Muzaffarpur, including 775 ponds. 714 of them were not in use.
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