Switch thirsty crops, water by drip
Where most water goes to fields, moving from paddy and sugarcane to millets, pulses or maize, and from flood to drip or sprinkler irrigation, saves more than any recharge can add.
Groundwater level in Kurnool
31%Safe
Groundwater use is within safe limits here. That is the 2025 stage of groundwater extraction: water pumped out in a year as a share of what rain and other sources safely put back. Down 11 points since 2017.
197 million m³pumped out each year (2025)
647 million m³can be taken out safely each year
Noneno yearly shortfall
71%goes to irrigation; the rest to homes and industry
Extraction since 2009
Each point is one CGWB assessment. Over-exploited means more water leaves the ground than comes back, so the water table keeps falling. Hover over or tap a point to see why it moved.
Safe · up to 70%Semi-critical · 70–90%Critical · 90–100%Over-exploited · above 100%
Show the numbers
| Year | Stage | Pumped out | Safe limit | Category | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 34.0% | 412 million m³ | 1.2 billion m³ | Safe | First assessment in this series. |
| 2013 | 47.0% | 650 million m³ | 1.4 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping up 58% (412 → 650 million m³). Safe limit up 13% (1.2 → 1.4 billion m³). Main reason: more water was pumped out, mostly for irrigation (375 → 613 million m³). A swing this large usually comes partly from revised estimates (a new well count or changed district boundaries), not only from changes on the ground. |
| 2017 | 41.8% | 643 million m³ | 1.5 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping down 1% (650 → 643 million m³). Safe limit up 12% (1.4 → 1.5 billion m³). Main reason: more water soaked back into the ground, from better rain, canals or recharge structures. CGWB changed its method in 2017 (GEC-97 to GEC-2015), so part of this change comes from the new method. |
| 2020 | 20.3% | 352 million m³ | 1.7 billion m³ | Safe | Pumping down 45% (643 → 352 million m³). Safe limit up 13% (1.5 → 1.7 billion m³). Main reason: less water was pumped out, mostly for irrigation (533 → 341 million m³). A swing this large usually comes partly from revised estimates (a new well count or changed district boundaries), not only from changes on the ground. |
| 2022 | 19.7% | 171 million m³ | 870 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 51% (352 → 171 million m³). Safe limit down 50% (1.7 → 0.9 billion m³). A swing this large usually comes partly from revised estimates (a new well count or changed district boundaries), not only from changes on the ground. |
| 2023 | 23.5% | 172 million m³ | 732 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 0% (171 → 172 million m³). Safe limit down 16% (870 → 732 million m³). Main reason: less water soaked back in, from weaker rain, less canal seepage or more paved ground. |
| 2024 | 30.6% | 196 million m³ | 641 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 14% (172 → 196 million m³). Safe limit down 12% (732 → 641 million m³). Main reason: less water soaked back in, from weaker rain, less canal seepage or more paved ground. |
| 2025 | 30.5% | 197 million m³ | 647 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 1% (196 → 197 million m³). Safe limit up 1% (641 → 647 million m³). |
Million m³: 1 million m³ = 100 crore litres. 2009 and 2013 used the older GEC-97 method.
Loading 20 years of rainfall…
What will fix it here
Groundwater here is in balance. Keeping it that way means recharging as the area builds up and paves over.
Revive village ponds and johads
Desilting old ponds and opening their feeder channels restores natural recharge. A one-hectare pond that soaks in a metre of water over the monsoon puts back about a crore litres.
Rooftop rainwater recharge
Pipe roof water through a silt trap and filter into a recharge pit or an old borewell. Every 100 m² of roof puts back tens of thousands of litres a year, right where the pumping happens.
Recharge pits and shafts in open land
Parks, campuses, warehouse yards and road sides can take recharge shafts that reach past the clay layer, so runoff that floods streets goes down to the aquifer instead.
Check dams and contour trenches
On sloping or rocky land, small dams on seasonal streams and trenches along contours slow water down long enough for it to sink in.
Treat and reuse wastewater
Treated water from a sewage treatment plant can run flushing, gardens, cooling towers and construction, which today often draw on borewells.
Frequently asked questions
What is the groundwater level in Kurnool?
In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) pumped out 31% of the groundwater that can be safely taken out each year, which puts it in the "safe" category. That is 11 points lower than in 2017.
Is groundwater in Kurnool over-exploited?
No. At 31% of the safe yield, Kurnool is safe, though recharge is still needed as demand grows.
How can groundwater be recharged in Kurnool?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting into recharge pits or old borewells, recharge shafts in open land, reviving ponds, check dams, treating and reusing wastewater, and moving farms to drip irrigation and less thirsty crops.
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