Switch thirsty crops, water by drip
Where most water goes to fields, moving from paddy and sugarcane to millets, pulses or maize, and from flood to drip or sprinkler irrigation, saves more than any recharge can add.
Groundwater level in Gadag
75%Semi-critical
Groundwater is under pressure here. That is the 2025 stage of groundwater extraction: water pumped out in a year as a share of what rain and other sources safely put back. Down 15 points since 2017.
246 million m³pumped out each year (2025)
326 million m³can be taken out safely each year
Noneno yearly shortfall
97%goes to irrigation; the rest to homes and industry
Extraction since 2009
Each point is one CGWB assessment. Over-exploited means more water leaves the ground than comes back, so the water table keeps falling. Hover over or tap a point to see why it moved.
Safe · up to 70%Semi-critical · 70–90%Critical · 90–100%Over-exploited · above 100%
Show the numbers
| Year | Stage | Pumped out | Safe limit | Category | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 94.0% | 230 million m³ | 246 million m³ | Critical | First assessment in this series. |
| 2013 | 93.0% | 231 million m³ | 250 million m³ | Critical | Pumping up 1% (230 → 231 million m³). Safe limit up 2% (246 → 250 million m³). |
| 2017 | 90.4% | 239 million m³ | 264 million m³ | Critical | Pumping up 3% (231 → 239 million m³). Safe limit up 6% (250 → 264 million m³). CGWB changed its method in 2017 (GEC-97 to GEC-2015), so part of this change comes from the new method. |
| 2020 | 86.9% | 231 million m³ | 266 million m³ | Semi-critical | Pumping down 3% (239 → 231 million m³). Safe limit up 1% (264 → 266 million m³). Main reason: less water was pumped out, mostly for irrigation (222 → 211 million m³). |
| 2022 | 87.3% | 238 million m³ | 273 million m³ | Semi-critical | Pumping up 3% (231 → 238 million m³). Safe limit up 3% (266 → 273 million m³). |
| 2023 | 74.6% | 241 million m³ | 323 million m³ | Semi-critical | Pumping up 1% (238 → 241 million m³). Safe limit up 18% (273 → 323 million m³). Main reason: more water soaked back into the ground, from better rain, canals or recharge structures. |
| 2024 | 81.3% | 243 million m³ | 299 million m³ | Semi-critical | Pumping up 1% (241 → 243 million m³). Safe limit down 7% (323 → 299 million m³). Main reason: less water soaked back in, from weaker rain, less canal seepage or more paved ground. |
| 2025 | 75.4% | 246 million m³ | 326 million m³ | Semi-critical | Pumping up 1% (243 → 246 million m³). Safe limit up 9% (299 → 326 million m³). Main reason: more water soaked back into the ground, from better rain, canals or recharge structures. |
Million m³: 1 million m³ = 100 crore litres. 2009 and 2013 used the older GEC-97 method.
Loading 20 years of rainfall…
Ponds and lakes in Gadag
67 of 92 water bodies (73%) are not in use: dried up, silted, built over or polluted. Bringing them back is one of the cheapest ways to recharge groundwater.
Loading the map of water bodies in Gadag…
- Ponds30
- Tanks56
- Lakes1
- Others5
Source: 1st Census of Water Bodies, Ministry of Jal Shakti (counted in 2018-19, published 2023).
What will fix it here
Most of the water here goes to farming, so using less on fields matters as much as recharge.
Revive village ponds and johads
Desilting old ponds and opening their feeder channels restores natural recharge. A one-hectare pond that soaks in a metre of water over the monsoon puts back about a crore litres.
Rooftop rainwater recharge
Pipe roof water through a silt trap and filter into a recharge pit or an old borewell. Every 100 m² of roof puts back tens of thousands of litres a year, right where the pumping happens.
Recharge pits and shafts in open land
Parks, campuses, warehouse yards and road sides can take recharge shafts that reach past the clay layer, so runoff that floods streets goes down to the aquifer instead.
Check dams and contour trenches
On sloping or rocky land, small dams on seasonal streams and trenches along contours slow water down long enough for it to sink in.
Treat and reuse wastewater
Treated water from a sewage treatment plant can run flushing, gardens, cooling towers and construction, which today often draw on borewells.
Frequently asked questions
What is the groundwater level in Gadag?
In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Gadag (Karnataka) pumped out 75% of the groundwater that can be safely taken out each year, which puts it in the "semi-critical" category. That is 15 points lower than in 2017.
Is groundwater in Gadag over-exploited?
No. At 75% of the safe yield, Gadag is semi-critical, though recharge is still needed as demand grows.
How can groundwater be recharged in Gadag?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting into recharge pits or old borewells, recharge shafts in open land, reviving ponds, check dams, treating and reusing wastewater, and moving farms to drip irrigation and less thirsty crops.
How many ponds and lakes are there in Gadag?
The first Census of Water Bodies counted 92 water bodies in Gadag, including 30 ponds. 67 of them were not in use.
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