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Ponds and lakes · Bihar

Ponds and lakes in Nalanda

1,351ponds, out of 2,298 water bodies

The 1st Census of Water Bodies counted 2,298 ponds, tanks, lakes and other water bodies in Nalanda district. 326 of them (14%) were not in use and 20 had been encroached upon. Nalanda has the 8th most ponds of the 37 districts in Bihar the census counted.

Every water body the census counted in Nalanda

326 of 2,298 water bodies (14%) are not in use: dried up, silted, built over or polluted. Bringing them back is one of the cheapest ways to recharge groundwater.

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Source: 1st Census of Water Bodies (2018-19), via India-WRIS.

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  • Ponds1,351
  • Tanks6
  • Lakes4
  • Reservoirs55
  • Check dams and percolation tanks3
  • Others879

Source: 1st Census of Water Bodies, Ministry of Jal Shakti (counted in 2018-19, published 2023).

Why Nalanda's ponds matter for its groundwater

76%Semi-critical

Nalanda pumps out 76% of the groundwater that can safely be taken out each year (2025, Central Ground Water Board), which the board rates semi-critical. Every pond that holds rain long enough for it to soak in puts some of that water back, so the 326 ponds and tanks not in use are a recharge opportunity going to waste.

Groundwater level in Nalanda

Bringing a pond in Nalanda back

Most ponds that are not in use can be revived. The work is the same in a village or a city sector:

Step 1

Survey

Map the pond's full original area, its inlets and its catchment, and record encroachments and sewage outfalls.

Step 2

Desilt

Dig out the silt that has sealed the bed, so water soaks into the ground again instead of evaporating.

Step 3

Reconnect

Clear and line the channels that bring rain in, with a silt trap before the pond; divert sewage away from it.

Step 4

Recharge

Add recharge shafts or wells in the bed where the soil is tight, so water reaches the aquifer faster.

Step 5

Protect

Fence or plant the banks, mark the boundary and hand upkeep to the panchayat or residents' body.

Talk to TerraSetu about a pondPond rejuvenation: cost and processOther ways to recharge

Frequently asked questions

How many ponds are there in Nalanda?

The 1st Census of Water Bodies (Ministry of Jal Shakti, counted in 2018-19, published 2023) counted 1,351 ponds in Nalanda district, out of 2,298 water bodies in all. That is the 8th most ponds of 37 districts in Bihar counted by the census.

How many lakes are there in Nalanda?

The 1st Census of Water Bodies counted 4 lakes and 55 reservoirs in Nalanda district, along with 6 tanks.

How many water bodies in Nalanda are not in use?

326 of the 2,298 water bodies (14%) were not in use when counted: dried up, silted, cut off from their catchment, polluted or built over. 20 had been encroached upon.

How do ponds help groundwater in Nalanda?

A working pond holds rain long enough for it to soak into the ground and refill wells and borewells nearby. A silted or encroached pond sends that rain down the drain instead. Desilting, reopening inlets and adding recharge shafts in the pond bed are among the cheapest ways to recharge groundwater.

Is groundwater in Nalanda running out?

In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Nalanda district pumped out 76% of the groundwater that can safely be taken out each year ("semi-critical").

Ponds in other districts of Bihar

Districts ranked by number of ponds in the 1st Census of Water Bodies.

  1. 1Banka3,344 water bodies, 7% not in use3,164
  2. 2Siwan2,978 water bodies, 66% not in use2,936
  3. 3Madhubani4,893 water bodies, 86% not in use2,736
  4. 4Darbhanga3,759 water bodies, 99% not in use1,813
  5. 5Sitamarhi2,184 water bodies, 62% not in use1,670
  6. 6Gopalganj1,678 water bodies, 78% not in use1,645
  7. 7Vaishali1,635 water bodies, 2% not in use1,635
  8. 8Aurangabad1,652 water bodies, 22% not in use1,316
  9. 9Saran1,259 water bodies, 9% not in use1,228
  10. 10Buxar1,267 water bodies, 2% not in use1,223
  11. 11Araria1,981 water bodies, 96% not in use1,167
  12. 12Rohtas1,209 water bodies, 2% not in use1,156
  13. 13Kaimur1,329 water bodies, 5% not in use1,152
  14. 14Supaul1,129 water bodies, 5% not in use1,125
  15. 15Bhojpur1,207 water bodies, 10% not in use1,046
  16. 16Gaya1,265 water bodies, 30% not in use1,020
  17. 17Purnea1,501 water bodies, 100% not in use981
  18. 18West Champaran926 water bodies, 59% not in use854
  19. 19Sheikhpura939 water bodies, 6% not in use840
  20. 20Saharsa811 water bodies, 0% not in use807
  21. 21Muzaffarpur785 water bodies, 91% not in use775
  22. 22Katihar965 water bodies, 100% not in use415
  23. 23Sheohar371 water bodies, 89% not in use358
  24. 24Arwal546 water bodies, 0% not in use338
  25. 25Patna360 water bodies, 28% not in use337
  26. 26Kishanganj341 water bodies, 100% not in use318
  27. 27Madhepura221 water bodies, 4% not in use220
  28. 28Bhagalpur224 water bodies, 92% not in use218
  29. 29Samastipur522 water bodies, 98% not in use207
  30. 30Munger190 water bodies, 32% not in use140
  31. 31Begusarai139 water bodies, 3% not in use137
  32. 32Lakhisarai140 water bodies, 9% not in use133
  33. 33Jamui1,046 water bodies, 91% not in use105
  34. 34Khagaria178 water bodies, 99% not in use92
  35. 35Jehanabad98 water bodies, 4% not in use67
  36. 36Nawada49 water bodies, 0% not in use49

All ponds and lakes in Bihar