Switch thirsty crops, water by drip
Where most water goes to fields, moving from paddy and sugarcane to millets, pulses or maize, and from flood to drip or sprinkler irrigation, saves more than any recharge can add.
Groundwater level in Puri
55%Safe
Groundwater use is within safe limits here. That is the 2025 stage of groundwater extraction: water pumped out in a year as a share of what rain and other sources safely put back. Up 6 points since 2017.
332 million m³pumped out each year (2025)
605 million m³can be taken out safely each year
Noneno yearly shortfall
84%goes to irrigation; the rest to homes and industry
Extraction since 2009
Each point is one CGWB assessment. Over-exploited means more water leaves the ground than comes back, so the water table keeps falling. Hover over or tap a point to see why it moved.
Safe · up to 70%Semi-critical · 70–90%Critical · 90–100%Over-exploited · above 100%
Show the numbers
| Year | Stage | Pumped out | Safe limit | Category | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 18.0% | 105 million m³ | 588 million m³ | Safe | First assessment in this series. |
| 2013 | 23.0% | 133 million m³ | 588 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 27% (105 → 133 million m³). Safe limit up 0% (588 → 588 million m³). Main reason: more water was pumped out, mostly for irrigation (73 → 103 million m³). |
| 2017 | 48.6% | 297 million m³ | 611 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 123% (133 → 297 million m³). Safe limit up 4% (588 → 611 million m³). Main reason: more water was pumped out, mostly for irrigation (103 → 250 million m³). A swing this large usually comes partly from revised estimates (a new well count or changed district boundaries), not only from changes on the ground. CGWB changed its method in 2017 (GEC-97 to GEC-2015), so part of this change comes from the new method. |
| 2020 | 51.0% | 304 million m³ | 596 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 2% (297 → 304 million m³). Safe limit down 3% (611 → 596 million m³). |
| 2022 | 50.7% | 314 million m³ | 619 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 3% (304 → 314 million m³). Safe limit up 4% (596 → 619 million m³). |
| 2023 | 52.4% | 319 million m³ | 608 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 2% (314 → 319 million m³). Safe limit down 2% (619 → 608 million m³). |
| 2024 | 54.1% | 323 million m³ | 596 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 1% (319 → 323 million m³). Safe limit down 2% (608 → 596 million m³). |
| 2025 | 54.9% | 332 million m³ | 605 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 3% (323 → 332 million m³). Safe limit up 2% (596 → 605 million m³). |
Million m³: 1 million m³ = 100 crore litres. 2009 and 2013 used the older GEC-97 method.
Loading 20 years of rainfall…
Ponds and lakes in Puri
3,329 of 9,808 water bodies (34%) are not in use: dried up, silted, built over or polluted. Bringing them back is one of the cheapest ways to recharge groundwater.
Loading the map of water bodies in Puri…
- Ponds5,698
- Tanks3,881
- Lakes51
- Reservoirs81
- Check dams and percolation tanks1
- Others96
Source: 1st Census of Water Bodies, Ministry of Jal Shakti (counted in 2018-19, published 2023).
What will fix it here
Groundwater here is in balance. Keeping it that way means recharging as the area builds up and paves over.
Revive village ponds and johads
Desilting old ponds and opening their feeder channels restores natural recharge. A one-hectare pond that soaks in a metre of water over the monsoon puts back about a crore litres.
Rooftop rainwater recharge
Pipe roof water through a silt trap and filter into a recharge pit or an old borewell. Every 100 m² of roof puts back tens of thousands of litres a year, right where the pumping happens.
Recharge pits and shafts in open land
Parks, campuses, warehouse yards and road sides can take recharge shafts that reach past the clay layer, so runoff that floods streets goes down to the aquifer instead.
Check dams and contour trenches
On sloping or rocky land, small dams on seasonal streams and trenches along contours slow water down long enough for it to sink in.
Treat and reuse wastewater
Treated water from a sewage treatment plant can run flushing, gardens, cooling towers and construction, which today often draw on borewells.
Frequently asked questions
What is the groundwater level in Puri?
In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Puri (Odisha) pumped out 55% of the groundwater that can be safely taken out each year, which puts it in the "safe" category. That is 6 points higher than in 2017.
Is groundwater in Puri over-exploited?
No. At 55% of the safe yield, Puri is safe, though recharge is still needed as demand grows.
How can groundwater be recharged in Puri?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting into recharge pits or old borewells, recharge shafts in open land, reviving ponds, check dams, treating and reusing wastewater, and moving farms to drip irrigation and less thirsty crops.
How many ponds and lakes are there in Puri?
The first Census of Water Bodies counted 9,808 water bodies in Puri, including 5,698 ponds. 3,329 of them were not in use.
Other districts in Odisha
Jajpur66%Kendrapara65%Nuapada65%Khurda64%Bhadrak61%Balasore60%Jagatsinghpur59%Deogarh58%Bargarh56%Angul54%Subarnapur53%Jharsuguda53%Bolangir52%Nayagarh48%Cuttack47%Boudh46%Sundargarh46%Keonjhar46%Mayurbhanj46%Kalahandi45%Ganjam45%Nabarangapur39%Dhenkanal39%Rayagada38%Gajapati37%Sambalpur35%Kandhamal33%Koraput27%Malkangiri21%