Rooftop rainwater recharge
Pipe roof water through a silt trap and filter into a recharge pit or an old borewell. Every 100 m² of roof puts back tens of thousands of litres a year, right where the pumping happens.
Groundwater level in Pulwama
38%Safe
Groundwater use is within safe limits here. That is the 2025 stage of groundwater extraction: water pumped out in a year as a share of what rain and other sources safely put back. Up 12 points since 2017.
19.9 million m³pumped out each year (2025)
52.1 million m³can be taken out safely each year
Noneno yearly shortfall
24%goes to irrigation; the rest to homes and industry
Extraction since 2009
Each point is one CGWB assessment. Over-exploited means more water leaves the ground than comes back, so the water table keeps falling. Hover over or tap a point to see why it moved.
Safe · up to 70%Semi-critical · 70–90%Critical · 90–100%Over-exploited · above 100%
Show the numbers
| Year | Stage | Pumped out | Safe limit | Category | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 27.0% | 76.8 million m³ | 280 million m³ | Safe | First assessment in this series. |
| 2013 | 25.0% | 79.3 million m³ | 321 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 3% (77 → 79 million m³). Safe limit up 15% (280 → 321 million m³). |
| 2017 | 26.6% | 34.6 million m³ | 130 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 56% (79 → 35 million m³). Safe limit down 59% (321 → 130 million m³). A swing this large usually comes partly from revised estimates (a new well count or changed district boundaries), not only from changes on the ground. CGWB changed its method in 2017 (GEC-97 to GEC-2015), so part of this change comes from the new method. |
| 2020 | 38.0% | 81.6 million m³ | 215 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 136% (35 → 82 million m³). Safe limit up 65% (130 → 215 million m³). Main reason: more water was pumped out, mostly for homes and industry (32 → 68 million m³). A swing this large usually comes partly from revised estimates (a new well count or changed district boundaries), not only from changes on the ground. |
| 2022 | 26.7% | 67.4 million m³ | 252 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 17% (82 → 67 million m³). Safe limit up 18% (215 → 252 million m³). Main reason: less water was pumped out, mostly for homes and industry (68 → 49 million m³). |
| 2023 | 27.2% | 67.4 million m³ | 248 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 0% (67 → 67 million m³). Safe limit down 2% (252 → 248 million m³). |
| 2024 | 32.9% | 19.9 million m³ | 60.6 million m³ | Safe | Pumping down 70% (67 → 20 million m³). Safe limit down 76% (248 → 61 million m³). Main reason: less water soaked back in, from weaker rain, less canal seepage or more paved ground. A swing this large usually comes partly from revised estimates (a new well count or changed district boundaries), not only from changes on the ground. |
| 2025 | 38.2% | 19.9 million m³ | 52.1 million m³ | Safe | Pumping up 0% (20 → 20 million m³). Safe limit down 14% (61 → 52 million m³). Main reason: less water soaked back in, from weaker rain, less canal seepage or more paved ground. |
Million m³: 1 million m³ = 100 crore litres. 2009 and 2013 used the older GEC-97 method.
Loading 20 years of rainfall…
Ponds and lakes in Pulwama
20 of 225 water bodies (9%) are not in use: dried up, silted, built over or polluted. Bringing them back is one of the cheapest ways to recharge groundwater.
Loading the map of water bodies in Pulwama…
- Ponds102
- Tanks31
- Lakes1
- Reservoirs34
- Check dams and percolation tanks1
- Others56
Source: 1st Census of Water Bodies, Ministry of Jal Shakti (counted in 2018-19, published 2023).
What will fix it here
Groundwater here is in balance. Keeping it that way means recharging as the area builds up and paves over.
Treat and reuse wastewater
Treated water from a sewage treatment plant can run flushing, gardens, cooling towers and construction, which today often draw on borewells.
Recharge pits and shafts in open land
Parks, campuses, warehouse yards and road sides can take recharge shafts that reach past the clay layer, so runoff that floods streets goes down to the aquifer instead.
Meter borewells and fix leaks
Metered and registered borewells, leak repairs in supply lines and water-efficient fixtures cut pumping without anyone going short.
Revive village ponds and johads
Desilting old ponds and opening their feeder channels restores natural recharge. A one-hectare pond that soaks in a metre of water over the monsoon puts back about a crore litres.
Permeable paving and green cover
Porous pavers, unpaved tree pits and bioswales along roads let rain soak in instead of racing to the drain.
Frequently asked questions
What is the groundwater level in Pulwama?
In the 2025 Central Ground Water Board assessment, Pulwama (Jammu and Kashmir) pumped out 38% of the groundwater that can be safely taken out each year, which puts it in the "safe" category. That is 12 points higher than in 2017.
Is groundwater in Pulwama over-exploited?
No. At 38% of the safe yield, Pulwama is safe, though recharge is still needed as demand grows.
How can groundwater be recharged in Pulwama?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting into recharge pits or old borewells, recharge shafts in open land, reviving ponds, check dams, treating and reusing wastewater, and moving farms to drip irrigation and less thirsty crops.
How many ponds and lakes are there in Pulwama?
The first Census of Water Bodies counted 225 water bodies in Pulwama, including 102 ponds. 20 of them were not in use.